Official Answer
Answer
Automated assembly ensures that the wave springs are oriented correctly and placed without being over-compressed or tangled. In high-volume automotive lines, 'vibratory bowl feeders' and 'pick-and-place' robots are used. The key engineering requirement is the 'Parallelism of the End Turns'; if the spring ends are not flat, the robot may misalign the spring. Automated systems also include load-cell verification to confirm the spring rate $k$ in-situ, ensuring that every clutch pack has the correct preload before the final housing is sealed.
