Official Answer
Answer
Nested wave springs consist of multiple turns wound in parallel rather than in series. The total load capacity $P$ increases linearly with the number of nested layers $n$, following $P_{total} = n \cdot P_{single}$. This configuration allows for massive force in extremely tight radial and axial envelopes. However, the shear stress $S$ must be carefully monitored using $S = \frac{3 \cdot \pi \cdot P \cdot D_m}{4 \cdot b \cdot t^2 \cdot Z^2}$. In nested designs, friction between layers can introduce a hysteresis loop in the load-deflection curve, which is quantified by the area between the loading and unloading paths. This friction also acts as a damping mechanism in dynamic systems.
