Answer
Nested wave springs consist of multiple turns stacked in parallel, meaning the waves are aligned in phase rather than crest-to-crest. The resulting load $P_{total}$ is the sum of the loads of each individual turn $n$, effectively $P_{total} = n imes P_{single}$. Unlike Crest-to-Crest springs where the deflection increases with the number of turns for a constant load, nested springs increase the load capacity for a constant deflection. This configuration is critical in aerospace applications where high forces are required in extremely tight radial and axial envelopes. The stress calculation remains similar to single-turn springs, but one must account for the frictional interface between the nested layers, which introduces a hysteresis loop in the load-deflection curve.
