Official Answer
Answer
Installing wave springs in series (crest-to-crest) increases the total deflection $f_{total} = f \times N$ for a given load, but keeps the load the same as a single spring. Installing them in parallel (nested) increases the load capacity $P_{total} = P \times N$ for a given deflection. In many aerospace assemblies, space is constrained. A parallel stack is used when high force is needed in a shallow cavity. However, engineers must be cautious of friction between springs in a parallel stack; it is often better to specify a single 'nested spring' manufactured as a single unit rather than stacking individual single-turn springs, as the factory-nested version ensures better wave synchronization and more predictable performance.
