Official Answer
Answer
Ƙarƙashin iska ya ƙunshi lanƙwasa lebur waya a gefensa, wanda ke yin aiki sosai-taurara kayan kafin ma ya zama raƙuman ruwa. Wannan yana ƙara ƙarfin jigon farko amma yana rage ragowar ductility. Don kayan kamar 302 SS, modulus $ E$ na iya ɗan canzawa kaɗan, kuma damuwa na ciki $\sigma_{res}$ dole ne a sauƙaƙa ta hanyar maganin zafi mai rage damuwa (misali, $315^\circ C $ na mintuna 30). If not relieved, the 'Springback' is unpredictable, leading to inconsistent free heights $H$ and loads $P$. The design must assume the 'as-heat-treated' properties for accurate load prediction.
