Official Answer
Answer
Hysteresis in wave springs is caused by friction between the spring and the bore or shaft, as well as internal molecular friction. Operating near the solid height increases the normal forces against the housing as the spring expands radially, leading to a wider hysteresis loop. To minimize this, the work height should be designed such that the spring is between $20\%$ and $80\%$ of its available travel. The energy loss is quantified as $E_{loss} = \oint P df$. For high-precision sensors, minimizing this area is critical for signal repeatability.
