Answer
Kuringaniza nibyingenzi kugabura imitwaro imwe. Niba ubuso bwo guhuza butabangikanye, uruhande rumwe rwisoko yumuraba ruzahagarikwa kurenza urundi. Ibi bituma habaho gukwirakwiza impungenge zidasanzwe aho imiraba yihariye irenze igishushanyo mbonera cyabazwe $ \ sigma = _x000c_rac {3 imes _x000d_ho imes P imes D_m} {2 imes n ^ 2 imes b imes t ^ 2} $. Imiraba kuruhande 'rukomeye' irashobora kwinjira mukarere ka deforme ya plastike cyangwa igera kumipaka umunaniro imburagihe. Ibi bikunze kugaragara nkibisanzwe 'gutura' cyangwa gucamo umurenge umwe gusa wimpeshyi. Kubisabwa byizunguruka cyane, guhuza ibice bigomba gufatwa kuburinganire hagati ya $ 0.05 $ mm kugirango harebwe niba impungenge zumuzingi $ riangle au $ iguma mumipaka ya S-N.