Answer
Dandeettiin dhiibbaa gatiiwwan lama keessaa isa gadi aanaadha: Ring Shear fi Groove Deformation. Ciminni cirrachaa gilgaala akka $P_r = _x000c_rac{D imes t imes au imes _x0008_eta}{S}$ tti shallagama, bakka $D$ daayameetira shaafta/booraa, $t$ furdina gilgaala, $\tau$ cimina cirrachaa meeshaa gilgaala, fi $\beta$ sababa nageenyaati. Yeroo baay’ee manni meeshaalee lallaafaa kan akka aluminiyeemii irraa yeroo hojjetamu, difoormeeshiniin groove (yielding) kan daangessudha. Gad fageenya qola ($d$) fi cimina oomishaa meeshaa mana jireenyaa ($\sigma_y$) irratti hundaa’uun shallagama: $P_g = _x000c_rac{D imes d imes \sigma_y imes an(\alpha)}{K}$, bakka $\alpha$ kofa tuttuqaa ta’etti. Dizaayinoota injinariingii irra caalaan isaanii keessatti, 'groove' akka 'roll over' fi ring'n fe'umsa olka'aa jalatti akka hin baafne mirkaneessuuf safety factor 2 ykn 3 hojiirra oola.
