Official Answer
Answer
Nested wave springs are coiled in parallel from a single continuous filament. The load $P$ is proportional to the number of turns $n$, such that $P_{nested} = n \times P_{single}$. This configuration is superior to stacking individual springs because it eliminates the risk of wave misalignment (peaks overlapping peaks), which would otherwise cause a catastrophic increase in spring rate. Mathematically, nesting ensures that the moment of inertia $I = \frac{b t^3}{12}$ is effectively multiplied by $n$ without adding the friction of multiple interfaces, making it ideal for high-force, low-deflection subsea valve actuators.
