Binciken Rashin Gajiya da Rigakafin Rawan Ruwa

I. Gabatarwa 

Kodayake masana'antar bazara ƙaramin masana'anta ne a cikin masana'antar kera injina gabaɗaya, ba za a iya yin la'akari da rawar da ta taka ba. Tare da karuwar digiri na budewa

Tare da ci gaba da zurfafa aikin sarrafa masana'antu, kayan aikin masana'antu da aka shigo da su kamar masana'antar injuna, kera motoci, petrochemical da wutar lantarki an yi amfani da su sosai a kasar Sin. Hakazalika, mun kuma koyi game da wasu sababbin nau'ikan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa tare da kyakkyawan aiki, kuma maɓuɓɓugan ruwan raƙuman ruwa masu yawa sabon nau'in nau'in nau'in roba ne.

Maɓuɓɓugan ruwan raƙuman ruwa na gama gari guda ɗaya wani abu ne na roba tare da kololuwa da kwari da yawa akan zoben ƙarfe. Maɓuɓɓugan ruwan raƙuman raƙuman ruwa da yawa ya bayyana yana tattare da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya na gama-gari, amma bambancin shi ne ba kawai a lissafta shi ba, amma ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar ci gaba na iska ta musamman.

II. Rarrabewa da ƙa'idar aiki

Wave spring yawanci yakan kasu zuwa: a, maɓuɓɓugar ruwan raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya,

Rufaffen nau'in raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya a cikin siffar "O", nau'in raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya a cikin siffar "C"; b. Multi-Layer Peak-to-Peak (jeri) yanayin bazara; c. Nau'in kololuwa mai tarin yawa, wanda kuma aka sani da nau'in gida (parallel); Single-Layer waveform bazara: dace da gajere ƙaura da matsakaici-ƙananan elasticity aiki yanayi, tare da mai kyau amintacce da babban aiki ka'idar: waveform spring yana da daidaito na dual aiki ka'idojin na cylindrical spring da Disc spring. Multi-Layer waveform spring ganiya-to-kololuwa (jeri) nau'in: elasticity darajar ne inversely gwargwado ga yawan juya, wanda aka yafi amfani a cikin babban gudun hijira, matsakaici-low elasticity bukatun, kuma shi ne a madadin cylindrical spring. Nau'in Nested (daidaitacce): ƙimar ƙarfin bazara ya yi daidai da adadin jujjuyawar, wanda zai iya kula da duk daidaitattun halaye na bazarar raƙuman ruwa yayin samar da babban elasticity. A yawancin lokuta, ana iya amfani da bazara (daidaitacce) na igiyar igiyar ruwa a maimakon tushen diski.

Tasirin kayan abu da zafin jiki akan gazawar gajiya iri ɗaya ne don kayan abu ɗaya: kayan da ke da kyakkyawan tsari na hatsi suna da ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa da juriya ga gajiya fiye da kayan da ke da tsarin hatsi; Jiyya na ƙarfafawa yana da rayuwar gajiya fiye da rashin ƙarfafawa; ƙarami ƙananan ƙarancin kayan abu, ƙananan ƙarfin damuwa, kuma mafi girman ƙarfin gajiya; kayan da ke da lahani na ƙarfe kuma za su rage yawan gajiyar rayuwa, wanda ke haifar da gazawar farkon gajiya na bazara. The kalaman spring samar da talakawa spring karfe yana da kyau elasticity, lantarki watsin, da sa juriya. A ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi na al'ada (zazzabi 200), gazawar gajiya na bazara yana cikin kewayon al'ada. Duk da haka, yayin da zafin jiki ya karu, elasticity na bazara zai ragu a hankali, kuma abin da ya faru na rashin nasara zai karu sosai.

Bakin karfe abu sarrafa kalaman bazara spring yana da high gajiya rayuwa da kuma mai kyau juriya ga shakatawa, yayin da bakin karfe kuma yana da high lalata juriya, wadanda ba Magnetic da sauran halaye. Gabaɗaya, bakin karfe zai gaza lokacin da zafin jiki ya fi 400, amma bakin karfe na musamman yana da juriya mai girma, maras maganadisu da sauran halaye, kuma ko da lokacin da zafin aiki ya kai 650, har yanzu yana da tsayin daka ga shakatawa da gajiya, yana mai da shi kayan da ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba a wuraren aiki na musamman.

Na hudu, rigakafin gazawar gajiyawar igiyar ruwa

Abubuwan da ke biyowa sune ka'idodin lissafin nauyi da damuwa don maɓuɓɓugan ruwan raƙuman ruwa. Za mu iya amfani da waɗannan dabaru don tsara damuwa na maɓuɓɓugan ruwan raƙuman ruwa don amfani da su a cikin ƙananan yanayin damuwa, yana sa gazawar gajiyawar maɓuɓɓugan ruwan raƙuman ruwa ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa.

(1) Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don bazara mai raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya: f=PKDm/Ebt3N4*ID/OD

S=3IIPDm/4bt2N2;

(2) Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don jerin nau'i-nau'i masu yawa ko maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓugan raƙuman ruwa-zuwa-ƙalo: f=PKDm3Z/Ebt3N4*ID/OD;

S=3IIPDm/4bt2N2

(3) Nau'in kololuwar nau'in kololuwa, wanda kuma aka sani da madaidaicin tsari ko nau'in nau'in raƙuman ruwa na bazara; F=PKDm3/Ebt3N4Z*IDOD;

S=3IIPDm/4bt2N2Z;

Inda: f= ƙaura; P= kaya; K=madaidaicin juzu'i; Dm=matsakaicin diamita; Z=yawan juyi; E=modules na roba; b= nisa na abu;

t=kauri na abu; N=lambar igiyar ruwa; ID=diamita na ciki; OD= diamita na waje; S=danniya mai lankwasawa; Ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen gajiya akan maɓuɓɓugan ruwan raƙuman ruwa, mun gano cewa rayuwar gajiyawar maɓuɓɓugan ruwan ya fi sau 500,000, yawanci ya zarce sau miliyan 1. Diamita na waje D = 137mm, diamita na ciki d = 125mm, kauri t = 0.8mm, tsayin tsayi H = 6mm, da ƙaurawar aiki 3.5mm, ƙimar ƙarfin aiki F = 1225N. Wannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun yanayin bazara an yi amfani da shi ta hanyar masana'antar petrochemical sama da shekaru uku, kuma rayuwar bazara ta kai sau miliyan 1.8, wasu ma suna da rayuwa mafi girma.

Sabili da haka, lokacin zayyana maɓuɓɓugar ruwan raƙuman ruwa, ya kamata mu zaɓi tsayin tsayi mai ma'ana da kauri na kayan bisa ga nauyi da ƙaura, yadda ya kamata sarrafa damuwa na bazarar igiyar ruwa, da amfani da lambobi masu daidaitawa don sarrafa gazawar gajiyawar magudanar ruwa.