What are the primary considerations for calculating the 'solid height' of a Nested Wave Spring and how does it differ from a standard single-turn spring?

In a Nested Wave Spring, multiple turns are wound in parallel (coiling the wire onto itself). The solid height $H_s$ is calculated as $H_s = t imes n_{layers}$ where $n_{layers}$ is the number of total turns. Unlike a Crest-to-Crest spring where turns are stacked peak-to-peak, the nested design produces significantly higher forces because the effective thickness increases. The force $P$ for a nested spring is roughly $P_{single} imes n_{layers}$. Engineers must account for the manufacturing tolerance of the ribbon thickness $t$, as a variation of $\pm 0.0005$ inches can result in a cumulative height error in a 5-turn nested spring of $\pm 0.0025$ inches, potentially causing premature bottoming out in tight assemblies.