Answer
Kuringaniza (guterana) bikubiyemo gushyira amasoko imbere kugirango imiraba yabo ihuze; ibi bikubye kabiri umutwaro $ P $ kumurongo umwe $ \ delta $. Gutondekanya urukurikirane (Crest-to-Crest) bikubiyemo guteranya amasoko kugirango impinga zikore; ibi bikubye kabiri gutandukana $ \ delta $ kumutwaro umwe $ P $. Muburyo bwogukoresha icyogajuru cyogukoresha icyogajuru, gutondekanya urukurikirane bikoreshwa mugushikira ingendo ndende mukirenge gito. Nibyingenzi ko intera iri hagati yuruhererekane rwamasoko ikomeza; akenshi, isabune yoroheje 'intermediate' ishyirwa hagati yabo kugirango impinga yisoko imwe itanyerera mubibaya bikurikiraho, byasenyuka.